D. remains constant. A. self-role D. we can't explain that bad things happen to good people, A. effort and fewer self doubts will help us succeed, A sense that one is competent and effective refers to one's: Psychology questions and answers. A. high self-esteem B. for Japanese college students, happiness comes with positive social engagement Argh!" It would not be surprising if people overestimated the likelihood for celebrity marriages to end in divorce, since celebrity divorces tend to be highly publicized (while happy celebrity marriages do not as easily make front page news). A. compare ourselves to close friends She had assumed that everyone felt as she did and supported her candidate's ideas. A. they don't care Bem's Self-Perception Theory proposes that when we are unsure of our attitudes, we use our behavior to infer our attitude. C. learned hopelessness magical thinking. )names which are in all cases written in "non-matching" colors of ink (e.g., the word "green" might be written in red ink, while the word "red" might be written in yellow ink)and to identify, as quickly as possible, the color in which each word is written. - you have a general sense of what they are like, what they do, and how they are different from other people. It seems counterintuitive after all, people are usually better at d First, the given words prime thoughts of elderly, which in turn prime an elderly-related behaviour, walking slowly. Montana has a great handfour aceswhile Sarah's hand is just averagea 2 of hearts, a 3 of spades, a 5 of spades, and a 7 of clubs. After that meeting, Elenita decides that Hispanics in general must be independent and outspoken. They also thought: "These people only have themselves to blame; they really should have packed up when they heard the hurricane warnings." Which of the following will NOT help debias someones thinking? What decision barriers must marketers overcome if consumers are aware of the Diderot effect? He tells Kirk, If you dont start working out soon, you are going to die young and leave your children without a father! Dr. Canne is using a(n). The False Uniqueness Effect suggests that we are not so accurate after all. A. self-esteem B. terror management theory Counterregulation occurs when people indulge in a behavior they are trying to regulate after an initial regulation failure. Juanita's answer describes her: It appears that people with this kind of brain damage, Research on the brain sizes of humans and other animals shows that. . B. collectivistic That is, one of the things you are likely to ask about is, Roger is a member of his town's most exclusive country club. Even though Vlad never actually exercises, you have always assumed that he is an athlete because he hangs around at the gym (like other athletes), drinks bottled water nonstop, and wears sweat suits everywhere. In conversation, she finds out that he is a collector of rare books. D. neither individual achievement nor relationships. counterfactual thinking. Attributing failures to dispositional causes rather than situational causeswhich are unchangeable and uncontrollablesatisfies our need to believe that the world is fair and that we have control over our lives. The first instinct fallacy refers to the false belief that it is better not to change one's first answer even if one starts to think that a different answer is correct. A. social rank When people make external, unstable attributions for others' successes or failures, these attributions tend to concern questions of, Madisons is taking a freshman seminar at her university. A. individualistic C. individualists make comparisons with others to boost their self-esteem D. eventual self, According to Schwartz (2000; 2004), individualistic modern cultures have "an excess of freedom," which is positively correlated with: Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory proposes that people change their attitudes to reduce the cognitive discomfort created by inconsistencies between their attitudes and their behavior. A false-uniqueness effect was found on the part of low-fear subjects, as they tended to underestimate the incidence of low fear among their peers. Wing Tung is using ____ to improve his thinking. D. the tendency to see oneself as superior to others. A. transparency B. audience C. spotlight D. halo, 2. C. self-serving bias C. it can motivate us to achieve D. feared possible selves; hoped-for possible selves, Jack is very nervous about meeting his future in-laws for the first time. When people believe they can affect the dice by blowing on them they are experiencing the, People are faster to classify the target word "flower" when it is preceded by the word "plant" than when it is preceded by the word "elephant." the tendency to underestimate the extent to which others possess the same beliefs and attributes as oneself or engage in the same behaviors, particularly when these characteristics or behaviors are positive or socially desirable. What is the false uniqueness effect quizlet? This happens because the responsibility for a task is spread across all members of the group. -You are trying not to think about the fact that you made a fool of yourself at a party last weekend, but the more you try not to think about it, the more the thought keeps popping into your head. D. lower; increase, People with high self-esteem and narcissism are _____. She makes $2000 from one of these investments, but loses $3000 on the other one. C. 50%; 50% Social psychology is interested in how the group affects the individual and vice-versa. Narcissists value: the false uniqueness effect. The false-uniqueness effect is an attributional type of cognitive bias in social psychology that describes how people tend to view their qualities, traits, and personal attributes as unique when in reality they are not. D. the looking-glass self, Your self-esteem would correlate closely with what others think of you and your group if you were in a(n) ______ culture. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Normative social influence is to seeking _____ as informational social influence is to seeking _____. C. he is demonstrating false pride C. impression management Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Possible selves, Culture difference in a person's self concept reflect, How is self esteem different from self concept? The _________ is also known as the better-than-average effect and the Lake Wobegon effect. She figured it would only take two days to write the paper so she did not start it until two days before it was due. Confusion over why someone treats you in a particular way is called a. emotional climate b. expectancy effect attributional ambiguity d. self-fulfilling prophecy 14. Two studies adopted a traditional false consensus paradigm and investigated the relative magnitude of the FCE between the two cultures in three different categories of personal choices (Study 1) and behavioral choices involving hypothetical conflict situations (Study 2). D. the self-serving bias, The habit of using how we imagine another person perceiving us, as a mirror for perceiving ourselves, is referred to as: made about groups, made about individuals. As discussed in the textbook, research participants who read a story about a character named "Donald"a character who engages in skydiving, demolition derby driving, and other similar activitiestend to think that Donald is especially reckless when, -they have been primed with words like "dangerous" and "risky. The so-called "gambler's fallacy" refers to. In other words, she is just beginning. By choosing (b), however, most people are committing, As a child, the Russian writer Leo Tolstoy was once challenged by his older brother to remain standing in a corner until he could stop thinking of a white bear. D. it helps to buffer stress, B. it makes us feel less vulnerable to risks such as AIDS, Saying "I earned an A on my psychology test" versus "My instructor gave me a C on my psychology test" exemplifies how we associate ourselves with: What is an example of impact bias? B. collectivistic If Letha commits the one-shot illusory correlation, she will. This best illustrates the ____ effect. B. self-handicapping C. defensive pessimism Which of the following is the best example of ironic processing interfering with attempted thought suppression? The only difference is whom it comes from. Suppose that Dorothy and Tim are out to lunch together, and both are on restricted-calorie diets. Knowing what you do about individualism and collectivism, you can conclude that your neighbor is likely to be a political: C. illusion of transparency; self-reference C. self-esteem When people make the fundamental attribution error about entire groups of people (as opposed to individuals), psychologists say that they are making the ultimate attribution error. The fact that we usually attribute more responsibility to our partners than to ourselves when problems arise in a relationship is an example of how: It makes you feel better to see how you did in comparison to other students. The false uniqueness effect is: B. loci of control C. the tendency to see our talents and moral behaviors as relatively unusual. the illusory correlation. A) approval; knowledge B) knowledge; approval C) compliance; conformity D) conformity; compliance, Some critics of Milgram's study, such as Haslam and his colleagues, have suggested that the behavior of the participants can be . comprises his or her: The false consensus effect, the illusory correlation, and the first instinct fallacy are all examples of topics in __________ research. It Affects Future Purchases: When you are planning to take a car. A. self-interest colors our social judgment. How does the "That's-not-all" compliance technique work? This shows our desire to gain the approval of and to avoid the disapproval of other people. A. high; high This is the False Uniqueness Definition that is shared across psychological research. Even though the statistical probability of both hands is the same, many people (incorrectly) assume that Montana's exact hand is rarer than Sarah's exact hand. the tendency. then it is unclear what type of attributions people will make. D. variable (depending on if it is related to school or not), Amelia is highly embarrassed because she passed gas in class today. the false uniqueness effect. 41%; 90% Suppose that you meet someone who is smart, adventurous, and highly knowledgeable about rockets and outer space. Later, his fianc tells him that her parents were unimpressed with him. You would be correct in speculating that she likely has _______ feelings of self-efficacy. Social Psychology Midterm - Flashcards Get access to high-quality and unique 50 000 college essay examples and more than 100 000 flashcards and test answers from around the world! B. rage C. social rank people who share one's most prized. keep a lookout for anything that might remind them of the unwanted thought. A. self-handicapping Yogurt that is "low fat" can be described as "95% fat free" or as "5% fatty." But Mr. Y thinks that George W. only became president because he was "in the right place at the right time," and had good luck. C. the right hemisphere The ultimate attribution error is similar to the fundamental attribution error except that it refers to attributions that are __________ as opposed to __________. C. fear D. social comparison, Benjamin is able to adopt his behaviors so that he can fit in with any group of people. Thus, sometimes individuals tend to believe that others are more similar to them than is actually the case. C. perform moderately well. D. genetics, The truth concerning self-efficacy encourages us not to resign ourselves to bad situations. D. an external locus of control, Learning about immune neglect, which statement applies to how most people respond to failing an exam? A. narcissists have higher IQs Compliance is from a person of equal, whereas obedience is from a person of authority. C. we can overcome anything The field of social cognition first emerged in the __________ as __________. thinking about her boyfriend even more than she was before. D. emotions, Which of the following is false? Josh wishes to be passionately loved, rich, and muscular. phobias, panic disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. These people thought: "Why didn't everyone simply take the family minivan and go stay with family somewhere?" The false consensus effect in social psychology is a cognitive bias in which people overestimate how much others share their beliefs and behaviours. The false consensus effect occurs when we overestimate the number of other people (or extent to which other people) share our opinions, beliefs, and behaviors. Jan. 2014. D. neither you nor the people who know you can predict your behaviors or the fates of your relationships, C. the people who know you can probably predict your behaviors better than you, You prefer that professors post exam scores (by identification number), rather than returning them individually.