PD-Polish Public Domain. Read about our approach to external linking. Explore a timeline of events that occurred before, during, and after the Holocaust. If convicted, he faces a possible six months to 10 years in prison. One such guard was Jenny Barkmann, who earned the moniker Beautiful Spectre.. By the end of the war at least 110,000 were deported there, including Jewish detainees and Soviet prisoners of war. Required fields are marked *. SS-Aufseherin Elisabeth Becker - death by hanging 4. Stutthof concentration camps women forced labor death marches. The former librarian, from Dresden, was a keen horsewoman who used stolen cash from prisoners to build an indoor riding arena at the Buchenwald camp, which housed 20,000 slave labourers. Stutthof Concentration Camp. In December, a 97-year-old former Nazi camp secretary was found guilty of being complicit in the murder of over 10,000 people at the Stutthof concentration camp that was located in occupied Poland. We will rise again and we will destroy ALL of you scum who revel in this disgusting obscene filth. Selection of monographs in PDF, Memorial to the Victims of the Stutthof Concentration Camp, Monografia KL Stutthof (KL Stutthof monograph), Zbrodnie hitlerowskie w obozie koncentracyjnym Stutthof: liczba ofiar w wietle rde i bada: prba bilansu, SS Main Economic and Administrative Office, International Youth Meeting Center in Owicim/Auschwitz, Rescue of Jews by Poles during the Holocaust, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stutthof_concentration_camp&oldid=1141333869, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2018, Articles needing additional references from December 2020, All articles needing additional references, Articles with Polish-language sources (pl), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Matzkau in Makowy (now within city limits of Gdask), This page was last edited on 24 February 2023, at 14:55. SS-Sturmbannfhrer Max Pauly was put on trial by a British military court in Germany but not for the crimes committed at Stutthof; only as the commandant of the Neuengamme concentration camp in Hamburg. Of the 55,000 guards who worked in the Third Reichs concentration camps, 3,700 were women, many of who were volunteers. Mobile gas wagons were also used to complement the maximum capacity of the gas chamber (150 people per execution) when needed. Theres more about Stutthofs history at the Holocaust Research Project, and at the current memorial facilitys home page. German abortion clinics targeted by US-style protests, Belgian court paves way for Iran prisoner swap treaty, Palestinians in occupied West Bank live with uncertainty, Thousands of migrants have died in South Texas, Nazi guard testifies about Stutthof concentration camp, Poland moves to make it illegal to say 'Polish death camps', Germany's Nazi past still haunts the country today. This week, a 95-year-old woman was arrested in Germany and charged with complicity in the murders of 10,000 people - the first such case in recent years. Berlin CNN A former secretary from the Stutthof Nazi concentration camp has been charged with complicity in the murders of 10,000 people, German prosecutors said Friday, in what is a rare. HAMBURG, Germany A German court on Thursday found a former Nazi SS camp guard guilty of 5,232 counts of accessory to murder and one case of accessory to attempted murder equal to the number. Camp doctors also killed sick or injured prisoners in the infirmary with lethal injections. Inside the Third Reichs concentration camps were scores of evil guards capable of committing horrible and sadistic acts. It was surrounded by electrified barbed-wire fences. The area was secluded: to the north was the Bay of Danzig, to the east the Vistula Bay, and to the west the Vistula River. It was claimed that she beat women inmates to death and whipped others to within an inch of their lives using a plaited cellophane whip, a belt and a walking stick. Naukowiec w III Rzeszy [Professor Rudolf Spanner 1895-1960: A Scientist in the Third Reich], Piotr Semkw", Soap from Human Fat: The Case of Professor Spanner, "The Danzig Soap Case: Facts and Legends around "Professor Spanner" and the Danzig Anatomic Institute 1944-1945", "Zakoczono ledztwo w gonej "sprawie profesora Spannera", "Human Fat Was Used to Produce Soap in Gdansk during the War", "Stutthof (Sztutowo): Full Listing of Camps, Poland", "Holocaust trial: Germany tries former SS guard at Stutthof camp", "Johann Rehbogen: Former SS guard, 94, on trial over deaths at Stutthof concentration camp", "German court stops trial of former death-camp guard", "German court: Trial of Nazi guard unlikely to be restarted", "Former Nazi camp guard to go on trial in Hamburg", "Nazi concentration camp guard convicted over 5,232 murders", "96-Year-Old Former Nazi Death Camp Secretary Goes on Trial Over Murders of 11,000 People - October 20, 2021", "German Court to Try 96-Year-Old Over Time at Nazi Concentration Camp", "German Court Convicts 97-Year-Old Ex-Secretary At Nazi Camp - December 20, 2022", "Poland asked to explain naked Nazi gas chamber video", "Outrage Over Naked Game of Tag Played in Nazi Gas Chamber", "Outrage Over Museum's Video-Art Display of a Nude Game of Tag in Gas Chamber", Stutthof National Museum. In September 1939, the Germans established the Stutthof camp in a wooded area west of Stutthof (Sztutowo), a town about 22 miles east of Danzig (Gdansk). I wish many more Nazis suffered the same fate. [35][36], Another Nazi camp guard, Bruno Dey, from Hamburg was charged in October 2019 of contributing to the killings of 5,230 prisoners at Stutthof camp between 1944 and 1945. When is Eurovision and how do you get tickets? . It was approximately 36 km east of the city of Gdansk, where the Visla river flows into the Baltic Sea. One survivor, Lila Givner, told her 1978 trial: Kobyla was tall. [13], In October 2019, Bruno Dey from Hamburg was accused of contributing to the killings of 5,230 prisoners at Stutthof camp between 1944 and 1945. "I was first in Stutthof in August '43 for close to a month and then two other [camps] before I returned at the end of 1944 for a second time," he told the BBC. Overseeing working parties that left the camp ln slave labour, she would attack women who became too sick or weak. She then ordered her dog, known as the big, bad, wolfhound to attack the sick girl, who was sitting on the ground, She later died from the bites. The Stutthof concentration camp was the first to be established by the Nazi regime outside Germany's borders, and one of the last to be liberated. per group (up to 3) Private Shore Excursion: Tour of Gdansk and visit Stutthof Concentration Camp. Often low paid workers who took the roles to earn more cash, they were trained at the all-women Ravensbruck camp, in Northern Germany, where they became hardened to the cruel torture of inmates and learned to administer punishments with boots, truncheons, whips and riding crops. The second trial was held from October 8, 1947, to October 31, 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. On this date in 1946, officials of Soviet-occupied Poland publicly hanged eleven convicted war criminals of the Stutthof concentration camp. In 1943, the camp was enlarged and a new camp was constructed alongside the earlier one. He was executed November 8 in Wloclawek[7][8]. Landmark trial Bruno D. came to the. A group of thirteen ex-officials of the Stutthof concentration camp were arraigned before a Soviet/Polish Special Criminal Court at Gdansk, from April 25, 1946 to May 31, 1946. Frankly, a nice sight. In 2017, the prosecution of two former Stutthof camp guards from Borken and Wuppertal commenced. About 5,000 prisoners from Stutthof subcamps were marched to the Baltic Sea coast, forced into the water, and machine gunned. GitHub export from English Wikipedia. The Belsen Trial heard that she beat an 18-year-old girl for eating peelings in the kitchen and, when others protested, she told them, "I will beat her to death." Apprehended after the war, she was sentenced and publicly hanged in Gdansk. If I ever meet up with you I WILL kill you. In a 2017 book, Holocaust survivor Lina Haag claimed Lichtenberg prisoners were stripped naked and tied to wooden posts, where Maria Mandl would then beat us mercilessly until she could no longer lift her arm., Mandl looked for women who had broken the rules by curling their hair and even one single curl would mean a woman was kicked to the ground and beaten around the head, or she would shave their head and parade them around the camp with a sign around their neck that read: I broke the rules and curled my hair.. Thousands of SS guards were granted transfers from camps to field service, said Stefan Hrdler, yet Dey had remained at Stutthof until April 1945. It was during this time as a slave labourer that he met lifelong friend Zigi Shipper. [3], A range of German organisations and individuals used Stutthof prisoners as forced laborers. One camp which was established in Poland was Stutthof Concentration Camp, and throughout its time in operation around 65,000 people died at the camp. Women were needed, especially to oversee womens camps like at Ravensbruck. He was also tried in juvenile court despite his age, because his crimes were committed when he was a minor. She was 36. [3] Gassing with Zyklon B began in June 1944. There were 3,000 guards at Stutthof concentration camp alone, and only 50 were convicted. Here we look at the horrendous role these guards - known as Aufseherins, or female overseers - played during the War. He was tried in a juvenile court due to being about 17 at that time. per adult (price varies by group size) Private transportation to the Stutthof Concentration Camp 4 hour. [20][21], Lista osob Straconych w wiezieniach Polskich w latach 1944 1956 , IPN, 1990, Zaoga obozu Stutthof (Staff of Stutthof concentration camp), "Odpowiedzialno za zbrodnie popenione w Stutthofie. Stutthof was the first camp outside German borders, in operation from 2 September 1939, and the last camp liberated by the Allies on 9 May 1945. Countless prisoners who were left too weak to work were simply murdered. "The main entrance gate of Stutthof became known as the Death Gate because once you entered it was more or less a death sentence," Mr Goldberg remembers. There was no evidence to link him to specific killings, and though he admitted to serving at the camp, he said that he was unaware that people were being murdered there. Set up immediately upon Germanys September 1, 1939 invasion of Poland and not liberated until after official German capitulation in 1945, Stutthoff handled over 100,000 prisoners during its long service. Tragiczny los ydowskich winiarek z Baukomando Weichsel, "Ermittlungen gegen frheren KZ-Wachmann aus Wuppertal", "Holocaust trial: Germany tries former SS guard at Stutthof camp", "German court suspends trial of ex-SS death camp guard", "Prozess gegen frheren SS-Wachmann steht vor dem Aus", "Holocaust trial: Former Stutthof guard on trial in Germany", "Former Concentration Camp Guard Convicted in Germany", "Nazi Stutthof camp secretary flees as German trial starts", "Former Nazi camp secretary goes on trial over murders of 11,000 people", "Itzehoe: Ehemalige KZ-Sekretrin vor Prozessbeginn geflohen", "Imrgard Furchner: Nazi typist guilty of complicity in 10,505 murders", "97-year-old former Nazi secretary sentenced for involvement in more than 10,000 murders", Monografia KL Stutthof (KL Stutthof monograph), Execution of concentration camp guards at Biskupia Gorka, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stutthof_trials&oldid=1135657965, This page was last edited on 26 January 2023, at 01:03. In 1944 she became a guard at the Stutthof Concentration camp. "It was a practical impossibility that [Furchner] could make her way into the camp from her home without knowing what was going on there.". Eventually, the Stutthof camp system became a network of forced-labor camps. [1] None of the Stutthof commandants were ever tried in Poland. Former Stutthof prisoners volunteered to serve as executioners for the public hanging on July 4, 1946. She was known for whipping prisoners with her riding crop as she rode past and, according to some accounts, forcing them to have sex with her. Stutthof had a large number of sub camps, and prisoners were forced to work incredibly hard some even made aircraft parts for German planes. [7][8] Finally, in January 1942, Stutthof became a regular concentration camp. [14] In July 2020, he was convicted of 5,232 counts of accessory to murder by the Hamburg state court, and was also convicted of one count of accessory to attempted murder. The death sentences were carried out on July 4, 1946 at the Biskupia Grka in Gdask, by short-drop hanging.[3]. The infamous main entrance to Stutthof became known as the Death Gate, Irmgard Furchner was given a two-year suspended jail term for complicity in murder, Zigi Shipper and Manfred Goldberg came from different countries but were able to communicate in Yiddish, Nazi typist guilty of complicity in 10,500 murders, Harry: I always felt different to rest of family, Chris Rock jokes about Oscars slap in Netflix show, Everything Everywhere wins big ahead of Oscars, PM to end asylum claims from small boat arrivals, US-made cheese can be called 'gruyere' - court, Mbappe breaks PSG goal record in win over Nantes. When the final evacuation began, there were nearly 50,000 prisoners, the overwhelming majority of them Jews, in the Stutthof camp system. When the guilty verdict came in, she declared, Life is indeed a pleasure, and pleasures are usually short.. [33][34] He was charged as a juvenile, as he was under 21 at the time of the offense. A 95-year-old woman who worked for the commandant of a Nazi concentration camp has been charged in north Germany with aiding . "We were beaten constantly, the whole time, even while working," Koryski told the Hamburg District Court. At Ravensbruck and Majdanek, Braunsteiner whipped women to death and was said to have thrown children by their hair onto trucks that took them to their deaths in gas chambers. The sixth and the last Stutthof trial in Poland took place in 1953 also in Gdask. TheUntoldPast has the right to delete any comment with this content inside it and also ban the user from the channel. The 93-year-old faces 5,230 counts of accessory to murder. She was recorded to have been 6ft 3 and known as the "Sadist of Stutthof" due to her merciless beatings of female prisoners. The camp was situated along the Danzig-Elbing highway on the way to the popular Baltic Sea resort town of Krynica Morska. The lamp disappeared after the SS leadership found out. Even before the war began, the German Selbstschutz in Pomerania created lists of people to be arrested,[3] and the Nazi authorities were secretly reviewing suitable places to set up concentration camps in their area. The camp is east of modern-day Gdansk and a short walk from the sea. Camp's Commandant Johann Pauls - death by hanging 2. About 24,600 were transferred from Stutthof to other locations. 'Gorilla Glue Girl' Tessica Brown is offered a wig by Beyonce's stylist after hair disaster gets EVEN worse. [3] The first executions were carried out on 11 January and 22 March 1940 89 Polish activists and government officials were shot. Further in the background is the guard SS-Oberscharfhrer Johann Pauls and several Polish kapos. More than 6,000 camp guards and personnel were trained there before being sent out to work at other camps. Who is Buffalo Allina Clinic shooting suspect Gregory Ulrich and who are the victims? "You didn't know if the officers were acting on orders, or if they did it on their breaks," he said. [11] In December 2018, the trial was suspended, since the convict had to be hospitalized for serious heart and kidney problems. The girl was later declared dead by camp doctors. [2], The first Polish war crimes tribunal was convened at Gdask, Poland, from April 25, 1946 to May 31, 1946. He was executed by long-drop hanging by Albert Pierrepoint in Hamelin Prison on October 8, 1946. As the Nazis consolidated their power in the 1930s, many younger people like Barkmann became enthralled by the Fuhrer and joined the Hitler Youth and other equivalents. [22] Spanner was unlikely to have "really occupied himself with the production of usable soap from human fat", and that any soap production in his laboratory was likely marginal. Irmgard Furchner, a stenographer and typist for the SS commander of the Stutthof concentration camp in modern-day Poland, was accused of being a key member of a death camp that murdered. This week, a 95-year-old woman was arrested in Germany and charged with complicity in the murders of 10,000 people - the first such case in recent years. [2][5], The fourth trial was also held before a Polish Special Criminal Court, from November 19, 1947, to November 29, 1947. Yolanda Saldvar, The Obsessed Fan Who Murdered Se, 5 Of The Most Infamous Cults in US History, History and Culture of the Blackfeet Nation, Did Pharaoh Akhenaten lay the foundation for Abrah. Due to the stark contrast between her physical attractiveness and her barbaric behavior, the prisoners dubbed her the Beautiful Spectre.. The former secretary, who lives in a care home and is unnamed, had worked at the Stutthof camp near Danzig, in Nazi-occupied Poland. "Worst of all were the whips.". Dave, Wow, Geocities links. Like many of his fellow inmates, the man would be murdered and stripped of his skin - which would be used to make a lampshade in Kochs home. Most of the original detainees were local Poles and Jews when Stutthof was built in 1939 as the first Nazi camp outside Germany's borders in World War Two. swisslotto. In total, 23,566 Jews (including 21,817 women) were transferred to Stutthof from Auschwitz, and 25,053 (including 16,123 women) from camps in the Baltic states. Asia Shindelman said many prisoners had to walk hundreds of kilometres with little clothing for the cold weather. After the war a number of war crimes trials took place called the Stutthof Trials, and following these there were a number of executions. Berlin CNN A 96-year-old man accused of being an SS guard at the Stutthof camp in Nazi-occupied Poland has been deemed "unfit to stand trial." The man, named only as "Harry S.," is. In June 2022, a 101-year-old former guard at the Sachsenhausen concentration camp (north of Berlin) was sentenced to five years in prison. Eleven defendants including the former commander, Johann Pauls, were sentenced to death. Conditions in the camp were brutal. A narcissist who had numerous affairs with SS officers, she was said to have deliberately chosen women she considered more beautiful than her. [1] None of the Stutthof commandants were ever tried in Poland. I met her in the field and did not manage to get out of her way in time. Get back into the undergrowth you crawled from, Dave. German Earth and Stone Works (DEST) was an SS-owned company founded on 29 April 1938 for the exploitation of prisoner labor in the concentration camps for the . Efraim Zuroff is the Center's "Nazi Hunter-in-Chief." He defended the need to prosecute such crimes more than seventy years after the event, saying "The passage of time in no way . At her 1945 trial, survivor Dora Silverberg testified that Juana knocked her teeth out when she reported that her friend was very sick and couldnt walk to the working site because she was so weak. Known, chillingly, as the woman with the dogs, Juana Bormann used trained dogs in sadistic attacks on inmates at Ravensbruck and later Auschwitz, where she served under Irma Grese. [2], Nine SS men and the Kapo Nikolaysen were executed on October 28, 1948:[4], The third trial was held from November 5, 1947, to November 10, 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. Arraigned 24 ex-officials and guards of the Stutthof concentration camp were judged and found guilty. Campo de Concentracion Stutthof, Polonia (Concentration Camp Stutthof, Poland). When she was 22, Barkmann began actively seeking work in the concentration camps. When the final evacuation began, there were nearly 50,000 prisoners, the majority of them Jews, in the Stutthof camp system. In total, 21 women who worked in the concentration camps faced the gallows. (17.10.2019). At the Auschwitz trial in Krakow, in 1947, Mandl was declared a war criminal and was executed by hanging on Jan. 24, 1948. The sub-camps of Stutthof included:[30][31][32], The evacuation of prisoners from the Stutthof camp system began on 25 January 1945. Subscribe to this by clicking this link:https://www.youtube.com/c/TheFortresssThanks for watching! The first contingent of 2,500 Jewish prisoners arrived from Auschwitz in July 1944. Shortly before the German surrender, some prisoners were transferred to Malmo, Sweden, and released to the care of that neutral country. The former secretary, who lives in a care home and is unnamed, had worked at the Stutthof camp near Danzig, in Nazi-occupied Poland. A total of 295 women guards worked as staff in the Stutthof complex of camps. you are right, they should have been soaked in gasoline and torched right before they were hanged. Key and copyright. Sign up here. The prosecution accuses her of participating in the murder of inmates in the Stutthof concentration camp in present-day Poland, where she worked as a typist and secretary to the camp commander . Cut off by advancing Soviet forces the Germans forced the surviving prisoners back to Stutthof. He remembers searching for his mother, who had been in the women's camp at Stutthof, when he came across his friend Zigi. ", How nine women escaped from a Nazi death march, Historic ocean treaty agreed after decade of talks, China looks at reforms to deepen Xi's control, Inside the enclave surrounded by pro-Russia forces, 'The nurses wanted me to feel guilty about my abortion, From Afghan TV fame to a US factory floor. The Germans used Stutthof prisoners as forced laborers. Detainees had to walk the long distance towards Germany as the Nazi Eastern Front crumbled. One witness said: I was working in the kitchen at Birkenau (Auschwitz) when I saw a woman, whose daughter was in an adjoining camp, go to the dividing wire in order to speak to her daughter. It has been estimated that over 25,000 prisoners, one in two, died during the evacuation from Stutthof and its subcamps. This days condemned camp commandant Johann Pauls, five male kapos, and five female guards were the product of the first of four Stutthof trials held in 1946-1947. National Socialism is destruction , terror, repression, waste, and death. Dave with an atitude like that you should be #12. [1], The original camp (known as the old camp) was surrounded by the barbed-wire fence. It was not until 2017 that he returned to Stutthof as part of a visit by the Prince and Princess of Wales and discovered to his surprise that the camp's gas chambers were still intact. In 1943, the camp was enlarged and a new camp was constructed alongside the earlier one. Among the 55,000 guards at the concentration camps, 10,000 were women and they were trained to be every bit as vicious as their male counterparts. Read about our approach to external linking. The Stutthof concentration camp was established by Nazi Germany near the village of the same name, now called Sztutowo and located in Poland's Pomeranian Voivodeship, on 2nd September 1939. [19][20][21], Historian Joachim Neander argued that, contrary to some claims made in the previous years, what the Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) calls the "chemical substance which was essentially soap"[22] was the byproduct of Spanner's bone maceration processes done to create anatomical models at the Danzig Anatomical Institute, where he worked and which was not part of the Stutthof camp. Luxury Car Tours. 13 Amazing Photos of the Construction of the Empir. [33] In February 2019 the trial of a defendant matching this description (whom Reuters reported could not be named for legal reasons) was halted after a medical report was issued stating that the defendant was unfit to stand trial, the trial already having been suspended since the previous December. She committed suicide in 1967. The event drew an immense crowd of approximately 200,000 people, and due to humanitarian concerns, authorities refrained from organizing further public executions. The commandant of the Stutthof and Neuengamme concentration camps SS-Sturmbannfhrer Max Pauly was sentenced to death in Germany at about the same time.