shark attacks florida 2022

Addison Bethea, 17, of Satellite Beach, was diving for scallops in the Florida Panhandle town of Keaton Beach when a bull shark grabbed her leg on June 30. Open oceans are often pretty bleak, and the pelagic sharks that live in them make their living by opportunism. And if youre still not convinced, lets compare the imbalance in human and shark fatalities to see who the true victims are. There have been 13 attacks here, accounting for 1% of Florida shark attacks on Tampa Florida beaches. Copyright 2023 NBCUniversal Media, LLC. Every year, millions of people visit Florida to enjoy a vacation on its gorgeous coastline. "Then I remember from watching the Animal Planet to likepunch [it] in the nose or something like that. A teenager who was in hospital to have her right leg amputated on Tuesday after a shark bit her off Floridas coast said she had no intention of abandoning her love for the water. Species in Florida Beach Shark Attacks Since 1926, Chances of an Unprovoked Attack by Sharks in Florida, Know Before You Go: Sharks in Florida Beaches. Florida had 28 unprovoked bites last year, compared to 19 in the rest of the U.S. and 26 total outside the U.S. Florida's 28 cases represented 60% of the U.S. total and 38% of unprovoked bites worldwide. Indeed, shark attacks are relatively rare, with just 73 worldwide last year reported as unprovoked, though 28 of those did occur in Florida. The State of Florida is placed right between the Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico.Consequently, it has numerous beaches stretching hundreds of miles. Shark attacks: Florida is shark bite capital of the world, according to International Shark Attack File Florida in France: It's a small world: Tallahassee couple came across FAMU's. 2022 CBS Interactive Inc. All Rights Reserved. According to the Florida League of Cities, 25 cities have enacted vaping and smoking bans on public beaches and parks following the passage of HB 105 which was signed into law by Florida Governor Ron DeSantis. The nature conservancy says that there are a few things swimmers can do to try and avoid getting too close and personal with one of these sharks: And most importantly, listen to the lifeguards if they warn you to get out of the water. Unprovoked bites have historically happened more by sharks in Florida than in any other state. According to the World Health Organization, drowning is the third leading cause of accidental death worldwide, and coastal features like rip tides and strong currents pose a greater risk to beachgoers than sharks. A 10-year-old boy was attacked by a shark while snorkeling in Florida and needed part of his leg amputated to "save his life," relatives said. Great White Shark attacks are extremely rare in Florida. For more resources, including the full 2022 report, you can visit the International Shark Attack Files website. 2020 remains a notable exception thanks to the global travel restrictions in place from Covid-19, which closed beaches and skewed comparable data. In 2021, there were 28 total shark bites in Florida, which accounted for 60% of unprovoked shark attacks in the United States. But his life was spared. Jameson Reeder Jr. was snorkeling while on vacation with family when the "very traumatic event occurred," Jameson's uncle, Joshua Reeder, wrote in a Sunday Facebookpost. T he Florida Museum of Natural History's International Shark Attack File investigated 108 alleged shark-human interactions worldwide in 2022. This was only the 11th known unprovoked attack from this species, according to the International Shark Attack File. And he just kept coming. Pinellas County has the most unprovoked attacks of sharks in Florida beaches for the gulf coast. Pinellas County has 13 confirmed unprovoked shark attacks from 1882 to. "Most of the bites in Florida are cases of mistaken identity. rights reserved. Floridas 16 shark attacks in 2022 were lower than the recent (2017-2021) average of 22 attacks. So he decided Consistent with long-term trends, theUnited Statesrecorded the most unprovoked shark bites in 2022, with 41 confirmed cases. On February 27, 2022, the third US shark attack was reported off San Miguel Island, California. A swimmer who survived a shark attack is telling her harrowing story. In his Facebook post, Reeder said that his nephew is 10 years old but will turn 11 in the coming weeks. Weve always been close, like since forever, so this somehow brought us even more close, Bethea said. DETROIT (AP) Nissan is recalling more than 809,000 small SUVs in the U.S. and Canada because a key problem can cause the ignition to shut off while they're being driven. I know if Rhett hadnt been the one that was with her when it happened, we may be in a very different scenario right now.. Of those reported unprovoked shark attacks, five were fatal. The 17-year-old had gone swimming at several spots on Floridas Gulf coast on 30 June in order to collect scallops before Independence Day. Florida had 32 provoked bites and 16 unprovoked bites, including one on the Treasure Coast. A woman snorkeling in the Dry Tortugas was bitten by a lemon shark, notable as they rarely attack humans; it was only the 11th known unprovoked attack from this species. Below are over 50 statistics for sharks in Florida beaches, waters, and aquariums, updated for 2022. There were four shark attacks in Florida in March 2022. SeaWorld Orlando is probably the best place to see sharks in Florida. Chumming is not allowed from the beach or while wade fishing. The chances of being bitten by a shark remain incredibly low. So I grabbed her, swam backwards and kicked him and then yelled for help.". And one woman who was swimming in the Dry Tortugas off the Florida Keys was attacked by a lemon shark, which doesnt attack humans that often. There have been 12 shark attacks in Florida in 2022. All Florida shark landing statistics in this section were obtained from the FWC website. Reflected light from jewelry can also attract sharks, so it is best to avoid wearing any at the beach. In fact, the attack marked only the 11th known unprovoked attack from that species, according to the ISAF. Florida's 16 shark attacks in 2022 were lower than the recent (2017-2021) average of 22 attacks. The ISAF says New York saw a record eight unprovoked shark attacks in 2022, with six of those being confirmed. Juveniles tend to be more experimental and will try things that an adult shark wouldnt, Naylor continued. Whatever potential food source they find, theyll sample, said Naylor. The International Shark Attack File has been tracking data regarding locations of shark attacks in Florida since 1926 and I have used these numbers to present the statistics below. Swimmers and waders accounted for the majority of incidents at 43%. How many shark attacks bites have there been in Hawaii in 2022? New York and New Jersey beaches experienced a string of shark sightings and attacks last summer that put beachgoers on edge. "Swimmers and scallopers are cautioned to be alert, vigilant, and practice shark safety," the sheriff's office added. Editor's Note: WCTV previously reported that the girl had lost her leg, according to the sheriff's office. Addison, of Perry, Florida, is scheduled to have a second surgery on Saturday "to further investigate the extent of the damage to her leg and determine what treatment options are available with the goal of saving her leg," the hospital said in a statement. A relaxing day at the beach quickly took a turn for 33-year-old Bryan Olivares. That attack occurred last year when a snorkeler went missing along Keawakapu Beach in Maui, Hawaii. Nissan says the SUVs have jackknife folding keys that may . In 2022 swimmers and waders overtook surfers and board sports enthusiasts, representing 43% of incidents to 35% respectively. Jasmine Carney, 10, of Palm City, was playing near the shoreline at Hobe Sound Public Beach when a shark bit her foot on Nov. 27. The teen was scalloping in water approximately 5 feet deep near Grassy Island, just of Keaton Beach, when she was bitten by the shark, according to the Taylor County Sheriff's Office. Juveniles tend to be more experimental and will try things that an adult shark wouldnt, Naylor said. Lifeguards get these alerts firsthand from researchers and are in charge of deciding if and what action to take, if there could be a shark nearby. The tropical waters of the red sea are a haven for divers but shark attacks remain rare. Feeding sharks while diving or snorkeling is prohibited and boats are not allowed to while divers are in the water. Shark bites aren't something you hear about every day, but it can still happen. Exercise caution when occupying the area between sandbars or near steep dropoffs. Tasa . 03 Mar 2023 02:55:08 36% of unprovoked shark bites since 1926 were too difficult to determine a species of shark and are considered requiem species. Next, I will use the data from the International Shark Attack Files to present statistics regarding the most and least common time of year and day for Florida shark attacks. Brevard County has the second highest amounts of shark attacks in Florida. This next section contains statistics on sharks in Florida by county. Of the 19 others, four were boat bites, two were sea disasters where the victims boat sank, and four were scavenger bites inflicted post mortem. The Spinner is the third most common shark species recorded in attack, making up 9% of Florida shark attacks. Generally speaking, the number of sharks in the worlds oceans has decreased, which may have contributed to recent lulls. / CBS News. Changing the environment such that sharks are drawn to the area in search of their natural food source might prompt them to bite humans when they otherwise wouldnt.. Last weekend, the family of a 10-year-old said the boy lost part of his leg in the attack. That statistic sounds terrifying, but the ISAF reports that overall the number of unprovoked shark attacks worldwide decreased last year, trying with 2020 for the fewest number of bites in the last 10 years. The 41 cases represent 72% of the worldwide total. Rhett Willingham, left, and Addison Bethea, right, discuss a 30 June shark attack which Addison survived, but not without needing her right leg amputated above the knee. If fish are especially dense where people are swimming and visibility is poor, then it is more likely that young sharks, which lack the experience of older animals, will mistake a swimmers foot for their intended prey.. ISAF confirmed 57 unprovoked shark bites on humans and 32 provoked bites. Anglers that plan to perform shore-based shark fishing, must pass an educational course from FWC and acquire a permit. This is lower than the 47 incidents that occurred in the U.S. in 2021. "It's a tragedy, what's happened," Sheriff Padgett told WCTV. None were fatal, and one was provoked. The attack was also among a handful in the US over the Fourth of July weekend. That's down from nine deaths in 2021 and 10 in 2020. Officials said it was undetermined what kind of shark attacked the girl, but witnesses described it as approximately nine feet long. And the latest report shows that the number of unprovoked shark attacks worldwide decreased last year, tying with 2020 for the fewest number of reported incidents in the last 10 years. Researchers say that the higher number of shark bites in Florida waters closest to Disney World and Universal Studios in Orlando is attributable to high aquatic recreational use by both Florida residents and tourists, including large numbers of surfers, and to the rich nature of its marine fauna. Thats down from nine deaths in 2021 and 10 in 2020. The attack happened at Keaton Beach in northwestern Florida's Taylor County on Thursday. "But local perceptions of shark bites rarely map to global statistics. Turn on desktop notifications for breaking stories about interest? Since 1837, there have been 896 confirmed unprovoked attacks by sharks in Florida. Within the U.S. Florida continues to report the most attacks of anywhere else in the world with 16 unprovoked bites, none of which was fatal. never been a Great White Shark fatality in Florida. Here's what we know, "The FWC received a report from Monroe County Sheriffs Office on Saturday, August 13 at approximately 4:30 p.m. that an 11 year old boy had been the victim of a shark bite while snorkeling at Looe Key Reef," FWC wrote in a statement. In the Red Sea, theyre mere meters from the shore, Naylor explained. This story has been updated. New York had a record eight bites in 2022, six of which have been confirmed. A list of 2021 fatal shark attacks world wide from information gathered by https://www.trackingsharks.com/ and https://www.sharkattackfile.netLinks to more i. Do not wander too far from shore. MORE NEWS: GoFundMe for Florida teen who lost leg in shark attack raises . Wearing shiny jewelry is discouraged because the reflected light may resemble the sheen of fish scales. January is the least likely month for a shark attack in Florida, with only 6 attacks or 0.9% ever occurring this month of the year. A 10-year-old boy has part of his leg amputated after shark attack off Florida Keys By Amanda Watts and Jason Hanna, CNN Published 10:21 AM EDT, Tue August 16, 2022 Link Copied! Across the world there were 57 unprovoked shark bites in 2022, most of which occurred in the United States and Australia, said the University of Florida's international shark attack file,. Investigating 108 alleged human and shark interactions in 2022, there were a total of 57 unprovoked bites and 32 provoked bites, with most occurring in the United States and Australia. The most common time of day to be attacked by sharks in Florida is 14:00 to 15:00 (2-3 PM). Still, the FWC recommends numerous safety steps to reduce your chances of being bitten including always staying in groups, avoiding the water at dark and never harassing a shark. Jupiter, Florida - May 05, 2022: A bull shark gets up close to inspect divers during an eco . None of Floridas 16 unprovoked bites were fatal, but two likely from bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) required medical treatment resulting in amputations. Her brother Rhett Willingham, a firefighter, was just a few feet away in the boat when he saw the shark lock its mouth around Betheas thigh. (Joseph Prezioso/Anadolu Agency / Getty Images). Of these, five attacks were fatal, down from nine deaths in 2021 and 10 the year prior. Updated 6:41AM. Only 42 unprovoked shark attacks have happened here in 140 years. Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Pinterest Reddit. JACKSONVILLE, Fla. - A man who was severely injured in the waters off Jacksonville Beach on Saturday might have been bitten by a shark, lifeguards told News4JAX. The numbers reflect a continuing downward trend with the average number of unprovoked bites per year since 2013 being 74. According to the University of Floridas International Shark Attack File, there were a total of 57 unprovoked bites in 2022, most of which occurred in the United States and Australia. Sharks can hear the low-frequency sounds from splashing and may investigate to see if there is a fish/prey in distress. At the hospital, Jameson had to have his leg amputated below his knee due to the shark bite, Reeder said. 2 men found drugged after leaving NYC gay bars were killed, medical examiner says, 17-year-old injured in shark attack off Florida, 17-year-old seriously injured in shark attack off Florida, Pittsburgh woman missing for 31 years found alive in Puerto Rico, Alex Murdaugh found guilty of murders of wife and son. Between 2004 and 2017, 10,505,246 sharks were recreationally harvested on the gulf coast of Florida. Also, avoid swimming during the nighttime when sharks are very active. The Atlantic White Shark Conservancy says they know of less than 10 shark attacks around Cape Cod since 1937, and it's because humans are not on the menu, despite what the popular movie might suggest. According to the International Shark Attack FileInternational Shark Attack File Volusia County. A girl suffered serious injuries Thursday when she was attacked by a shark at a beach in Florida, authorities said, continuing a frightening trend in the state that accounts for nearly 40% of unprovoked shark bites worldwide. I heard her almost yelp like something scared her, Willingham told the station. Florida has led the U.S. and the rest of the world in unprovoked shark bites for decades, and the trend continued in 2021, researchers said. I tried to push it off me and punch it in its nose, but it was at, like, a weird position, Bethea recalled. A shark bit a human in the Florida Keys again. There were also two fatal shark attacks on the same day in Egypts Red Sea. In 2022, about 57 unprovoked shark attacks were recorded in which five of which were fatal compared to the 73 cases in 2021 with nine fatalities. https://youtu.be/A0HK8gi1l8s via @YouTube. redistributed. Drone video shows a tiger shark swimming close to beachgoers in Western Australia. The highest reported county, Volusia County, reported. Of the nine remaining bites, four occurred in Monroe, and single incidents were reported in Martin, Nassau, Pinellas, Brevard, and Palm Beach counties. The use of multiple hooks is not allowed when fishing for sharks in Florida. DAYTONA BEACH, Fla. - A 33-year-old man is recovering after he was bitten on the foot by a shark off the coast of Daytona Beach. In another attack, a teen girl lost part of her leg after being bitten by a shark at Keaton Beach in north western Florida. The larger ones can get to be 6 feet long. The International Shark Attack File was referenced for data in all but three of the statistics (noted) below. Im still going to do what I love dont just let fear overtake your life.. ORLANDO, Fla. Florida is once again the shark bite capital of the world as numbers jumped globally after three years of declines, according to the annual update from the International Shark Attack File. The shape and coloration of the fins indicate it may have been a tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier). Other harvested types of sharks in Floridas gulf coast waters include lemon sharks, spinner, tiger shark, dogfish, hammerhead shark, nurse, and more. Dont be scared of the ocean, Addison Bethea told Miamis CBS affiliate from her bed when asked to send a message to the public. Since 2012, there have been 761 unprovoked shark attacks in the world. The report focuses on unprovoked attacks because unprovoked bites give us significantly more insight into the biology and behavior of sharks, explains Naylor. BUENOS AIRES, Argentina (AP) The remains of a man who had disappeared in southern Argentina earlier this month appear to have been found inside a school shark that was captured by local fishermen. However this is in the family Carcharhinidae which is one of the requiem species, so there are likely more blacktips in Florida attacks than this. Last year, about 60% of all unprovoked shark attacks in the United States -- and almost 40% of all attacks worldwide -- occurred in . Its that time of year once again when we turn eyes to the seas and scan the horizon for dorsal fins with the release of the annual International Shark Attack File (ISAF) from the University of Florida. This is due primarily to the unique topography of the region. Here's the complete list of shark attacks in Florida in 2022. Authorities say a teenage girl was seriously injured when a shark attacked her off Florida's Gulf Coast. That is not the case; she had surgery and is expected to survive. "Its likely that fatalities are down because some areas have recently implemented rigorous beach safety protocols, especially in Australia.". Bethea said Willinghams rescue strengthened a sibling bond that was already fiercely close. In 2022 there were a total of 57 unprovoked bites worldwide, most of which happened in the U.S. and Australia. 9 attacks have happened here since 1882, which is also about 1% of shark attacks. The Red Sea began forming roughly 50 million years ago as the tectonic plates underlying Africa and Arabia began pulling apart, creating a steep gouge between them. Further south in Keaton Beach, Florida, a teen survived a shark bite after punching the shark in the nose. And beachgoers will need to be on guard this Fourth of July holiday weekend. This was at least the fifth shark attack off. Still, it never hurts to be safe, so keep these tips in mind for dealing with sharks in Florida beaches. Copyright 2020 The Florida Travel Girl | All Rights Reserved. Updated on: July 1, 2022 / 7:07 PM The remaining were all uncertain as to exactly what had happened and ISAF is still investigating them to find a satisfactory explanation. ", STAY SHARK SMART: WHAT TO KNOW WHEN YOU HEAD INTO THE WATER. Published: Feb. 28, 2023 at 10:07 AM PST. "So then I swam over there, grabbed her, and then pushed them all, kind of trying to separate them. Mako Sharks and Blue Sharks are the least common shark species involved in a Florida attack, which each species only making up 1% of Florida shark attacks. Two unprovoked bites resulted in leg amputations. Brevard County has the second highest amounts of shark attacks in Florida. It can be hard for victims and rescue services to determine what type of shark was responsible for the attack, but sometimes the species is known. "The surf renders the water turbid which means visibility is poor," Naylor said. The Gulf Streams eddies ebb and flow each year. The minimum length for harvesting a Short Fin Mako is 83 inches. Another variable tracked for sharks in Florida is the type of shark. This accounts for 17% of sharks in Florida beaches where there was an unprovoked attack. His family rushed to rescueJameson, who was staying afloat on a swimming noodle, and "tourniqueted his leg above the bite to slow/stop the bleeding.". The teen suffered "serious injuries" and had to be airlifted to a hospital in Tallahassee, about 80 miles northwest of Keaton Beach, according to the sheriff's office. Shark sightings are commonplace, although shark attacks are thankfully infrequent. Since 1882, 828 or 93% of shark attacks in Florida have occurred on the east coast. "Unprovoked bites give us significantly more insight into the biology and behavior of sharks," Naylor said in the release. That number was consistent with Florida's most recent five-year annual average of 25 shark attacks, according to researchers. "As a result, the sharks are more likely to mistake someone's hand or foot for an intended prey item (mullet or menhaden).". The average number of people to get bit by a shark in Florida each year is about 30 and that is with millions of people visiting the beaches. FOX News correspondent Alexis McAdams is on Long Island where several shark attacks have been reported in about two weeks. Before 2022, there were only 12 recorded unprovoked bites in New York's history, including four from the past decade, according to the International Shark Attack File at the Florida Museum. The attacks may have been perpetrated by a single shark initially misidentified as a mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) but its currently unclear which species was responsible. Before 2022, there were only 12 recorded unprovoked bites in New York's history, including four from the past decade, according to the International Shark Attack File at the Florida Museum. South Africa also reported two unprovoked attacks in 2022, both of which were also fatal and likely from great whites. Suspect in Florida TV crew attack faces more murder charges; . That represents 60% of all unprovoked attacks across the U.S. As of August 16, there have been 32 shark . The teen was scalloping in water approximately 5 feet deep near Grassy Island, just of Keaton Beach, when she was bitten by the shark, according to the Taylor County Sheriff's Office. . Volusia County has the highest number of attacks by sharks in Florida beaches. If you see lots of bait fish or diving seabirds, there is a good chance sharks are in the water and caution should be taken. After Florida, New York had the second most number of reported bites with eight incidents, Hawaii had 5, California and South Carolina had four each, North Carolina had two and Texas and Alabama had one incident each. Published on July 20, 2022 02:28 PM . A 10-year-old boy was attacked by a shark in the Florida Keys on Aug. 13, 2022, state wildlife police said. A girl suffered serious injuries Thursday when she was attacked by a shark at a beach in Florida, authorities said, continuing a frightening trend in the state that accounts for nearly 40% of. The recall covers Rogues from the 2014 through 2020 model years, as well as Rogue Sports from 2017 through 2022. The attack happened at Keaton Beach in northwestern Florida. Florida teen bitten by shark survives but faces losing her leg, Two New York beaches close after shark bites lifeguard, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning. These statistics for sharks in Florida show that is a rare event to get attacked. At least five shark attacks have occurred in the Northeast since June 30. Sharks bit 16 people in unprovoked encounters off Floridas waters in 2022, and while none of these bites were fatal, two, most likely from bull sharks, required medical attention resulting in amputations, according to the study. The report, however, doesnt include shark attacks that may have been prompted by factors including fishing lines cast in the direction of sharks or the presence of chum in the water. Primary Menu Sections Skip to search results Pinellas County has the most unprovoked attacks of sharks in Florida beaches for the gulf coast. There were five fatal attacks, down from nine in 2021 and ten the year . Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own. Addison Bethea, shown here with brother Rhett Willingham, rests in her hospital bed at Tallahassee Memorial Hospital in Tallahassee, Fla., on July 1, 2022. "Some rules to follow are: never swim alone, do not enter the water near fishermen, avoid areas such as sandbars (where sharks like to congregate), do not swim near large schools of fish, and avoid erratic movements while in the water.". Sightings of porpoises or dolphins do not indicate the absence of sharks, both often eat the same food items. 2023 FOX News Network, LLC. According to the World Health Organization, drowning is thethird leading cause of accidental deathworldwide, and coastal features like rip tides and strong currents pose a greater risk to beachgoers than sharks. The state only saw a total of 12 reported unprovoked shark attacks before last summer. The Gulf Streams eddies ebb and flow each year. In 2016, researchers determined that juvenile sand tiger sharks (Carcharias taurus) had taken up residence in Great South Bay, between Long Island and Fire Island. Published: Feb. 28, 2023 at 10:07 AM PST. Keep the following infographic with statistics on sharks in Florida handy for the next time you go to the beach. It is still extremely rare to be killed by a shark in Florida. Anglers will need to use a non-offset, non-stainless-steel circle hook when using live or dead natural bait. Sometimes they can come very close to shore, bringing nutrients and fish with them. Better shark awareness and understanding are just two factors contributing to the downward trend in [+] attacks. Out of 73 unprovoked incidents recorded around the world last year, 28 were in Florida, representing 60% of the total cases in the United States and 38% of cases worldwide. Then it tried to drag me underwater.. Being far from shore also isolates you from any emergency assistance. Tallahassee Memorial Hospital initially listed her in critical condition. Sometimes they can come very close to shore, bringing nutrients and fish with them. If you zoom out, these eddies unpredictably break off from oceanic currents all over the world in haphazard ways.. There have been 6 shark attacks bites in Hawaii (1 fatal shark attack). Brazil,New Zealand and Thailand all reported single incidents in 2022. Vox reporter Andrew Prokop identifies one of those shell donors as Nishad Singh, a former FTX executive who plans to plead guilty to fraud. USA TODAY reached out to Reeder for further updates. In 2022, there have been 51 shark attacks in the U.S., mostly in Florida. Florida once again reported more shark attacks than anywhere else in the world, new data released by the University of Floridas International Shark Attack File shows, while the U.S. and Australia saw the most unprovoked shark attacks in 2022. Jameson. The gulf coast has much fewer sharks on Florida beaches. Shark bites Palm City youngster turning family trip to Hobe Sound Beach into adventure, Man bitten by shark at Fort Pierce Inlet State Park: 'He got me pretty good', Your California Privacy Rights / Privacy Policy. Drone video shows tiger shark swimming close to beachgoers in Western Australia, extinction due to overfishing and climate change, Study suggests warming oceans are changing tiger shark migrations, Another shark attack puts Long Island beachgoers on alert, Stay shark smart: What to know when you head into the water, Stay close to shore where you can hear any warnings if they go out, Avoid marine life. All rights reserved. Abigail Adams. Shark attacks increased around the world in 2021 following three consecutive years of decline, according to a report released in January. She was airlifted to Tallahassee. 3 Florida Lakes with Alligator Attacks in 2022 WATCH: Sharks biting alligators, the most epic lion battles, and MUCH more.

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